Define Terrorism Essay

Define Terrorism Essay Define Terrorism Essay History of Terrorism Today we hear the word â€Å"terrorism† and we automatically think of the events of September 11, 2001. We associate the word with mass casualties, hijacked lanes, destruction and Al-Qa’ida. We think terrorism is something that just started in 2001 in America, but in reality terrorism has been around for centuries and it was happening in other counties. As history will show, terrorism existed long before 2001 and it came in different forms, such as state terrorism, tyrants, anarchists and 4 waves of terror. Terrorism; what does it mean? According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary it is defined as â€Å"the use of violent acts to frighten the people in an area as a way of trying to achieve a political goal†. The use of the word â€Å"terrorism† can be traced back to the Reign of Terror that occurred after the French Revolution. The Reign of Terror was led by Maximilien Robespierre and he was determined to destroy those who were suspected of being enemies of the Revolution. Roberspierre was a very important member of the Committee of Public Safety which had control over the French government. In 1974 the Committee of Public Safety put the Law of 22 Prairial in place. This law did away with a suspect’s right to public trial and to legal assistance and the only two choices the jury had was to acquit the suspect or sentence them to death. The Committee of Public Safety began to be called terrorists because with this law in place it is estimated that at least 300,000 peop le were arrested and about 1,400 people were executed by guillotine. Carsten Bockstette at the George C. Marshall Center for European Security Studies defines â€Å"terrorism† as â€Å"political violence in an asymmetrical conflict that is designed to induce terror and psychic fear (sometimes indiscriminate) through the violent victimization and destruction of noncombatant targets (sometimes iconic symbols). Such acts are meant to send a message from an illicit clandestine organization. The purpose of terrorism is to exploit the media in order to achieve maximum attainable publicity as an amplifying force multiplier in order to influence the targeted audience(s) in order to reach short- and midterm political goals and/or desired long-term end states†. (Center for Primary Action to Counter Terrorism – Carsten Bockstette 2008) Although terrorism is thought to be actions of non-state actors, it is said that states can, and have used force or the threat of force to terrorize citizens in order to achieve a political goal, without declaring war. (A guide to Different Types of Terrorism; Amy Zalman Ph.D.). â€Å"State Terrorism† refers to acts of terrorism conducted by a state against a foreign state or people or its own people.( Merriam-Webster Dictionary) An example of â€Å"state terrorism† is Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin’s rule. Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party and after Vladimir Lenin died in 1924, Stalin took over as the leader of the Soviet Union. Joseph Stalin was a very harsh leader. He had anyone that didn’t agree with him killed. He caused famine in certain areas of the country so that people he wanted dead would starve. He ordered purges in order to get rid of the people he thought was against him, which resulted in millions being killed or sent to slave labor camps. Tyranny is a government in which all power belongs to one person: the ruler or authority of a tyrant. It refers to different forms of oppression, either by government, or by a social situation in which a group is tyrannized. Dictatorships are a common form of tyranny. Adolf Hitler is an example of a tyrant. He hated Jewish people and wanted to rid Germany of them. He forced Jewish people to go to concentration camps where 6 million Jews were killed during World War II. He also killed other races and other people he didn’t like. Propaganda by the Deed was an anarchist’s concept that promotes the decisive action of individuals to inspire further

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann Robert SchumannRobert Alexander Schumann was born in the small riverside town ofZwickau, Saxony, in 1810.The youngest of five children, Robert Schumannwas brought up in comfortable, middle-class respectability. As a child, heapparently exhibited no remarkable abilities.At the age of six, Robert was sent to the local preparatory school, runby Archdeacon Dohner. He had in fact already begun his education, with theyoung tutor who gave lessons in exchange for board and lodging at theSchumann home.At the age of seven Robert received his first piano lessons, fromJohann Gottfried Kuntzsch, organist at St. Mary's Church, and schoolmasterat the Zwickau Lyceum. Kuntzsch was a kindly, conservative musician oflimited abilities; his knowledge stemmed from leisure-time study.Nevertheless, Robert was soon improvising, and even composing a set ofdances for the piano.Robert's musical talent was recognized by his father. He bought anexpensive Streicher grand piano for his son, and soon four-handedarra ngements of the classics were heard in the Schumann home.English: Friedrich Wieck (1785 – 1873) at the ag...With afriend named Friedrich Piltzing, another pupil of Kuntzch's, Robert started toexplore Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.As a child, Schumann took part in several concerts at the ZwickauLyceum. He once played Moscheles' Alexander March variations, whichdemanded considerable dexterity.At the public Lyceum Robert was active as both pianist and publicspeaker. When he was fourteen, Kuntzsch decided that his pupil hadprogressed beyond the point where he could give further help, and declined toteach him anymore.Shortly before leaving the Lyceum, Schumann collaborated with hisbrother Karl in preparing a new edition of Forcellini's Latin dictionary,Lexicon Totius Latinatinis.Although now very busy as a composer, Robert yearned for affection.He soon fell for seventeen-year-old Ernestine von Fricken, who came toLeipzig in April 1834 to...

Critical Journalism Studies Textual Analysis Assignment - 1

Critical Journalism Studies Textual Analysis - Assignment Example There are bad journalists just like there are bad people. However, movie directors never want to portray the flaws of journalists to the public. Movie directors such as Clooney and Winterbottom ensures that the negative trust that exist between Journalists and the people is minimized for the good of the profession (Good Night, and Good Luck, 2005). One good example of a film that shows heroic journalists is the Good Night & Good Luck (Good Night, and Good Luck, 2005). The film show how journalists help reshapes the society in a positive way. Journalists are viewed as a villain by those that they hold to account and for revealing past secrets. Moreover, journalists unearth revelation between protagonists in the Good Night & Good Luck. Through this, they are viewed as the essence of social impartiality. In the TV series, House of cards journalists excels in telling stories of ethical that Congressman Underwood do not want to be revealed. Thus, the revelation of corruptions put journalists at odd with politician. For example, Lucas Goodwin is a hard working journalist who reports corrupt officers in Washington (McNair, 2010). Moreover, relate well with his college and work and he is one of the heroes in the TV series. The House of cards depicts the U.S politics as wanting. Underwood and his wife are likened to Macbeth and Lord because they are ruthless to their enemies. However, it takes the courage of journalists like Goodwin to report their corrupt deals to gain political power. Therefore, Goodwin is a hero and does what McNair refers journalists as brave men and women. Though journalists are involved in revealing the evils in the society, their profession is chockfull of immoral act and corruption. Most of them are sexual predators. Others like Zoe Barnes are ready to interchange sensual favours for information. To this end, journalists are villain and contribute to the deterioration of corruption that continues

The globalisation of trade Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The globalisation of trade - Literature review Example For example, Starbuck was one American company which had coffee shops virtually in every corner of America before the introduction of globalization. Since their operations were saturated in America, they struggled a lot to find enough space in America for expansion. Globalization helped them to expand their operations to overseas countries. In short globalization helped international or cross cultural trade to increase a lot. Globalization of trade brought many opportunities and challenges. Some people argue that international trade helped countries to attract more foreign direct investments so that their economy started grow rapidly. They cite India and China like countries as examples to show how well a country can utilize globalization opportunities. In fact China opposed the â€Å"global economic order, political order and the major global institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank before the reforms started in China† (Overholt, 2005, p.3). However, they quickly reali zed the possibilities of global trade and globalization. It should be noted that these two most heavily populated countries in the world have been struggling for growth before the introduction of globalization. Their huge population size was a curse or barrier in front of their struggle for growth. However, globalization helped these countries to convert this population barrier into a blessing. In other words, these countries are currently the providers of manpower for international market in which manpower shortage is a big problem. â€Å"During 1997–2005, China’s average annual growth rate in real GDP was 8.9%. During the forecast period of 2005–2010, it was assumed that the PRC continued its historical growth trend of 8.9% per year† (Mai et al, 2010, p.5). Moreover, â€Å"the PRC’s exports increase by about 46%and imports by about 45% relative to their respective baseline levels in 2010†(Mai et al, 2010, p.7). According to Albert Keidel ( 2008), China’s economy will surpass that of the United States by 2035 and be twice its size by midcentury (Keidel, 2008). Indian economy also showed similar trends during the last few decades as a result of globalization of trade. The globalization of trade has assured the place of multi-national. It has been suggested that the role of such firms is to generate wealth, create work and raise the standard of living in the countries in which they operate. However, critics of globalization suggest that multi-national companies often exploit physical resources and take advantage of labor in countries where legal requirements may be less stringent than in their own countries. This paper critically discusses this statement providing arguments for and against the globalization of trade, taking India and China as major examples. Overview of economic growth in India and China It is often said that global wealth is currently shifting from the less heavily populated American and European regions to the more heavily populated Asian region because of globalization. The above argument seems to be correct when one would consider the economic statuses of India and China before the introduction of globalization. The standard of living and per capita income of Indians and Chinese people have increased a lot in the past few decades. Moreover, unemployment problems in these countries were come down a lot in the recent past. It should be noted that international

Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Essay Example for Free

Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Essay The modern republics of Poland and Lithuania had been once been a single, strong nation known as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This commonwealth was established in 1569. Although there were other states in the commonwealth, none of them was as powerful as Poland. The nation was on the brink of success when the rest of Europe was ravaging in the famous thirty years war between 1618 and 1648. The Commonwealth noblemen had no desire to get involved in these wars and they were able defend the country against external attacks from the Germans, Russians and the Ottoman Turks (TLK). However, the commonwealth’s supremacy and stability did not last for long and there already were clear signs of decline by the mid 17th century. The main cause of the decline was wars that were fought within and outside the commonwealth. Thus, the weakened state could not hold itself together after these wars which ultimately led to its partition. The decline of Poland was basically evincible in the legislative body Sejm. The divergent systems of the parliament grew ineffective and inefficient at a time when the deputies went verbal asserting â€Å"Liberum Veto† which gave them excessive power over national resolutions. The country’s population had decreased by big proportions as a result of wars. This made it practically impossible for the nation to succeed in its wars against other nations, though they were able to defeat the Ottomans at Vienna. This was the last success realized by the commonwealth military (Davies 24). The Szlachta (noblemen) also diminished in their ability to influence others and consequentially depreciated in military vigor. In a myriad of situations they became impotent and viewed â€Å"veto† as the only remaining legislative symbol within the commonwealth (25). The Decline of the Commonwealth In 1648, the warlike Cossacks, with the support of Russia, upstaged a rebellion against Poland. Thus the Russians began to influence the affairs of the country. Later in 1655, the Commonwealth was involved in another war with Sweden, provoked by the policies of Commonwealth kings from the Swedish royal House of Vasa. The Swedes installed Stanislaw Leszczynski as king. However, they were defeated by the Russians in 1709 and this resulted in the reinstatement of Augustus on the throne (TLK). Augustus was at conflict with parliament and this lead to a civil war in 1717. The Russians responded by reducing the powers of the Sejm, who by now were at the centre of running Poland, came to the rescue of Augustus. This resulted in Poland being forced to cut down the size of her standing army. When Augustus died in 1733, Leszyski returned to the throne. This move was met with resistance from the Russians who forced him out and made Fredrick Augustus, a son to Augustus, king instead. Another blow to the commonwealth was the Saxon rule that lasted for sixty years. It drove the nation to the edges of lawlessness, devastating it even more. A powerful alliance between Russia, Prussia and Australia ensured that Poland’s legal system and maintain ace of order was paralyzed. The three nations formed the â€Å"Alliance of the Three Black Eagles† owing to the fact that all the three had eagles, black in color, on their coat-of-arms (Kjaergard 121). The Partitioning of the Commonwealth By the 18th century, the Commonwealth could not handle the many internal problems that were plaguing it and this made the fragile nation more vulnerable to external influences. The political system was in shambles and this soon culminated to the schism of the commonwealth. The country was partitioned in three stages by the neighboring Russian, Prussian, and Austrian powers (TLK) . The first partition was in 1772, when the Commonwealth lost 733, 000 square kilometers of land together with about four million people. Russia took most of the land while a majority of the population went to Austria. The Sejm ratified the partition agreement despite much resistance from the state’s deputies. After the first partition, there was a period of relative stability that saw to the development of a better education sector in the country. There was a rise in the number of professionals in various fields. The king initialized a healing programme, which was executed by the â€Å"Great Sejm†. The Four Year or Great Sejm came up with a new constitution (Domar 56). â€Å"Liberum Veto† was abolished under the newly formed constitution, changing how the country was governed. people were guaranteed personal freedom and more liberty was enhanced. England, France and the United States hailed the newly formed constitution. On the other hand, this step was viewed as a threat by the rulers of Austria and Russia. This led to a wide instigation of large numbers of magnate under the leadership of Branicki Ksawery, Potocki Szczesny and Rzewuski Seweryn. This was a betrayal of the commonwealth hence leading to the formation of the Targowica Confedaration in disrespect to the declarations of the newly formed constitution (Kjaergard 122) The second partition was as a result of Russian invation. The troops from Russia decided to cross the borders and immediately war broke out. Joseph Poniatowski who was the King’s nephew together with Kosciuszko Tadeusz, a supporter of the American Independence War, erected a vehement resistance although all confidence was crushed after the Prussians joined the fighting. Many people, who would otherwise have been citizens, ran away to other countries. In 1793, Prussia and Russia were obliged to sign the Second Partition Treaty. This led to about About This led to holding in of more than half of the entire nation with a population of about four million people. Later, there was a meeting at Grodno composed mainly of the Sejm which deliberated on the legal processd to make legal the process of partitioning of the country. After the partitioning, there was widespread discontent within the general population (Kostrowicka 34). The final partition in 1795 was the most devastating. A lot of Poles were evicted from their country. The King was seized and taken to prison in St. Petersburg. Other people were sent to the harsh cold deserts of Siberia and thousands more fled to other lands. Conclusion Although Poland’s history is one full of turmoil, a lot can be learnt from it. It is clear that good governance policies should be in place for a country to run smoothly. The heads of state should at the fore front providing the much needed leadership to citizens of their countries. If the Polish constitution had had good policies, and if the leaders were competent enough, then maybe the history of the Poles would be much different and better than it is.

Free Essays on Terrorism: War is Not a Good Thing :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

September 11: War is Not a Good Thing Two of the most prominent buildings in America's most prominent city go down. Sounds like a nightmare that belongs only in Tom Clancy's novels. After the event many were angry, many were thoughtful, but most of all there was a sense "what now?" The Defense Secretary was implying war, President Bush strongly stated he felt that this was a "war for freedom." But then people were wondering, what would war bring? And who exactly was it against? What would be the solution that would bring about long term world peace and security? War, well, what is war? a state of hostility, conflict, or antagonism, but it is more than that, it is pain, hopelessness, hunger, anger, hate. What is the difference between an Afghan mother with a picture of her son who died and a mother in New York holding up a picture of her son? Afghanistan is a country which is in a situation that already looks like a post war wreck. Their government, the Taliban, is a dictatorship -a form of government in absolute power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique. This that the people have no voice. So if we are going to wage a war for freedom, we must not discriminate by citizenship we must fight for all those who do not have it in Afghanistan as well. How can we fight such a complicated war? There are many actions we could take and all of which have positive and negative repercussions, but if you look at the ultimate goal the choices are limited to what we can do. First, we must define our enemy, who or what it is. Is it the Taliban? Or is it also poverty, economic vulnerability, and territorial conflict? (Poverty, economic vulnerability, and territorial conflict are linked. It all comes back to the fact to governmental instability, which allows someone like Taliban to come in a take over. Why is there governmental instability?) Next we must define our allies. By the definition of our war, it is every single human being who supports the fundamental idea of freedom-liberation from slavery or restraint or from the power of another. That would include most of the people who live in

Behavioral Learning Theories Applied

Behavioral Learning theories Applied Education is quite the central focus in our current society. As the economy advances, education becomes of greater importance and our student’s future is strongly dependent on their educational opportunities. As many theorists have proven, there is no one way of teaching that targets an entire audience. Instead, every child has their own unique learning style that they respond best to. Any educator that takes on the responsibility of teaching must familiarize themselves with the different approaches so they observe the â€Å"No child left behind† act and fulfill their duty as a teacher. The many different approaches to learning include Behavioral, Social Cognitive, Information Processing, Constructivist, and Brain-based. The behavioral approach is concerned primarily with measureable and observable aspects of human behavior (Good & Brophy, 1990). Behavioral learning theories focus on the ways in which pleasurable or unpleasant consequences of behavior change individuals’ behavior over time and ways in which individual model their behavior on that of others (Slavin 2006). The emphasis is put on responses to experiences, especially reinforcement and punishment, as determinants of learning and behavior. The 4 prominent behaviorist and key players in the development of the behaviorist theory, that I like to relate to, were Watson, Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner. Pavlov’s main interest was physiology but it was the Classical Conditioning theory that made him so famous. Classical Conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Both Thorndike and Skinner- although differently expressed- delved into the formulation of Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning is a learning methodology that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior through operant conditioning. Skinner’s theory of Operant conditioning basically explains how we acquire our range of learned behaviors that we exhibit. If an individual’s behavior is immediately followed by pleasurable consequences, the individual will engage in that behavior more frequently (Slavin, pg. 137). The relationship between the behavior and its consequences is what later a learned behavior becomes. Skinner mentions reinforcement, punishment, extinction and rewards as the mechanisms for his theory. All of these responses have a time and place where its effectiveness is at its peak. Knowing our students, knowing ourselves, knowing the situation, and knowing what we want our outcome to be will help us determine which approach to use. As maintained by the above behaviorists, our behaviors change in accordance to the immediate reaction/consequence. These immediate reactions are the secret weapon that teachers should master for optimal success in the classroom. A teacher can observe and take note of the various responses her students respond best to. A teacher should constantly be asking herself â€Å"What serves as a motivation or reinforcement for this particular student to do well†? â€Å"Does the student utilize the Expectancy Theory†? The theory of motivation is based upon the belief that people’s efforts to achieve depend on their expectations of reward, or do they lean towards achievement motivation; the tendency to strive for success and to choose goal oriented, success/failure activities? There are countless responses that can work to motivate our students. Although some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, many need that extra motivational factor to help them with their studies. Psychologists define motivation as an internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior over time (Murphy & Alexander, 2000; Pintrich, 2003; Schunk, 2000; Stipek, 2002. ) As a student, I was often motivated to do especially good work when I felt the teacher doubted my capabilities. I practiced the quote â€Å"I do it because I can, I can because I want to, I want to because you said I couldn't†. That really pushed me to do well. It may have been a childish but it worked for me. Personally, I had a hard time doing well under reinforcements be it negative or positive. The lack of consistency and the time lapse between the action and response never worked for me. If I were to utilize a token system or any other system (I. E. praise, charts etc.. ) I would review the pros and cons very carefully. I feel that employing such methods carelessly can produce destructive results. Observing a second grade class, I noticed the teacher exercising very harsh consequences to eliminate behaviors. Indeed, her classroom was always spotless, and quiet. The student did not dare misbehave or not know their work for fear of punishment. Ultimately, these students lived in fear. They disliked the teacher, they disliked learning, and whatever they did learn was just to avoid punishment. Were they motivated to behave? Indeed. They were afraid of the consequences. Was the atmosphere an optimal learning environment? Most definitely not! It was at that point that I understood that employing Behavioral Learning Theories do not always produce favorable results. When I was a short term substitute teacher, I had the opportunity to visit many classrooms over the period of a few months. When I entered the classroom with an air about myself and dressed well, the students automatically received the initial dose of motivation to behave and to please. I then continue to hold their interest by teaching in an unconventional manner or in any way that they are unaccustomed to. Teaching unconventionally is fairly simple in one of the schools I substitute. The simplicity of the teaching style has not changed from 20 years ago. The teachers use the same old text-books, they practice â€Å"one teaching style fit all† methodology, just one teacher for the entire class, etc. When I enter a class, I ask them to rearrange their chairs so they are sitting in a semi-circle or in groups depending on the lesson. As the lesson continues, I try to avoid giving extrinsic motivation unless I feel the absolute need. I try to make the actual lesson the incentive. I praise after inquisitive questions and seem genuinely happy with correct responses. It’s an aura that a teacher needs to create that will infuse a sense of ‘wanting to do well’, most frequently by the desire to please. I have frequently observed many teachers successfully pair less desired behavior with desired behaviors for great results which is referred to as the Premack Principle (Premack, 1965). One incident stands out in my mind when a third grade teacher told a student that if he completes his homework, he will be able to remove his name from the â€Å"completed homework† sign outside the classroom. The teacher explained to me, that this particular student dislikes the fact that his name is up on the board, so she pairs doing homework with the favorable act of removing his name. Having his name on the board was supposed to be a reinforcement for doing homework, however Slavin mentions that if the behavior does not increase or decrease in frequency with the reinforcement than it is not necessarily a reinforcement (Slavin, 143). Behavioral Learning Theories are quite established and they are useful in changing behaviors. It is important to acknowledge however, that the theory has its limitation. Mainly, because of its focus on observable behaviors, other more abstract and conceptual learning remains unspoken. However, Social Learning theory helps bridge the gap between the behavioral and cognitive prospective (Slavin, pg 159). —————————————————————————————————————————— Appendix: 1)Slavin, R. E. (2006). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (8th ed. ). Boston: Pearson. 2)Premack, D. (1965). Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine, Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: Univeristy of Nebraska Press.

Isobel Dixon uses language Essay

Explore the ways in which Isobel Dixon uses language and other poetic devices to present her ideas of freedom and restriction in â€Å"Plenty† Isobel Dixon went to heaven and hell, she is one woman who knows what it is to suffer. She went from humble beginnings as a child living in the extremely poor and dry region of Karoo in South Africa. To an affluent and successful poet, Dixon manages to write a poem about freedom and restriction, a poem where she goes from having ‘Plenty’ of suffering to ‘Plenty’ of money. Using language and other poetic devices we can precisely analyze how Dixon presents her ideas, and if it is possible to have both, plenty of money, and happiness. When Dixon introduces her family in the first paragraph, she uses rhymes, making the text have rhythm and a twist to it, but what is most important is that Dixon rhymes the two most important words in the second line, it was a â€Å"running riot to my mother`s quiet despair†. It is important to note how she linked these two contradicting words, she is indirectly admitting her guilt to the reader, and how her mother restricted her feelings, and remained calm, when there was always a â€Å"running riot† going on inside the house. Their bathtub was in an awful state, â€Å"age-stained and pocked†¦ † which is parallel to the state of the family. The tub became a central symbol in the poem for the memory of her family. The bathtub is not only â€Å"age-stained† but it is also â€Å"pocked/ upon its griffin claws,† the claws helps us picture the old bathtub, but it also gives us the image of claws holding down on the ground, as if it was going to fly, because it â€Å"was never full†. â€Å"Mommy`s smile† presents the idea of restriction perfectly, where she tries to smile, but it was anchored down, as if it was â€Å"a clasp to keep [them] all from chaos† . Her mother`s smile also can be seen as a â€Å"lid clamped hard† upon all the small amounts of resources and worries that spill out, it is a simile that holds the family together. Her mother is stoic and a survivor, she cannot therefore show what she actually feels inside, she must clasp it with a smile. The third stanza gives us the adult perspective, Dixon’s present day thoughts of her difficult childhood. She feels guilty, because only now she is mature and can understand what her mother had to put up with when raising her children, only now she understands why her mother spared every gram of aspirin, every millimeter of porridge and every crumb of bread. Dixon uses sibilance, to present the idea of restriction as well as freedom, whereas the ‘s’ sound represents water flowing smoothly, † She saw it always, snapping locks and straps,/ the spilling: sums and worries, shopping lists† as if it was free, the strong consonance alliteration cuts the ‘s’ sound, as if the water is restricted to flow. The author, in the fifth stanza, explains how she used to feel about her mother, how â€Å"[she] thought her mean. † Dixon did not understand what her mother was going through, and now that she does, she feels sorry. Consequently, she wishes to forget those memories. Dixon omits the personal pronouns when informing the reader what she used to do with her mother, she wrote simply â€Å"Skipped chores,/ swiped biscuits† not â€Å"We skipped chores,/ We swiped biscuits†. Dixon also uses â€Å"precious† to describe an inch of water, which is in turn a very effective adjective. Moreover it portrays just how much her family is poor and humble. Dixon presents her ideas of freedom and restriction in the sixth stanza by the use of an oxymoron, â€Å"†¦ such lovely sin,† which gives us an idea of the complexity of her guilty pleasure. The seventh and eighth stanza’s Dixon compares her rich life of freedom, to her restricted and difficult past: â€Å"Now bubbles lap [her] chin. † She no longer has to spare precious inches, she can now take bubble baths, with water up to her chin, Dixon is now self-indulgent in her fondness for sensuous luxury. The water is no longer â€Å"disgorged from fat brass taps†, it is now a â€Å"hot cascade†. She presents her ideas of freedom by demonstrating how a rich person takes a bath, how she is free to let the hot cascade fall on top of her, with not the slightest sense of guilt. On the other hand, she is not completely happy. After having everything, she still misses her now â€Å"scattered sisters†, who were no longer cramped up in a single age-stained bathtub, but spread across the globe, and her mother’s smile was finally â€Å"loosed from the bonds. † She is now really smiling, not preventing chaos. Dixon walked the long path of life, living the most difficult conditions one could have, until she finally managed to make her way to the doors of richness. She had indeed plenty of suffering as well as luxury, but having both was the real challenge. There is a bittersweet feeling in the end, as she is now materially sound but alone in her tub.

John Jay-(Chief Justice U.S) Essays - John Jay, Free Essays

John Jay-(Chief Justice U.S) Essays - John Jay, Free Essays John Jay-(Chief Justice U.S) John Jay was born on December 12, 1745 in New York City. He was a descendant of early Huguenot and patrician Dutch settlers, who grew up in a comfortable home. He graduated from King's college in 1764 and four years later he began his career as a lawyer. John Jay married Sarah Van Brugh Livingston on April 28, 1774. John Jay was a distinguished statesman and was known as a respected political figure due to his judgement, fairness, and ability to make decisions that he felt were right but were not always popular. After being accepted as a lawyer, Jay later became a New York delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses. There he served as president from 1778 to 1779. Following his term as president, Jay was appointed as U.S minister to Spain. After he returned to the United States, he was informed that he had been chosen as secretary of foreign affairs. While working with the European congresses Jay came to realize that the U.S needed a stronger central government. Along with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, Jay wrote letters to newspapers to urge the ratification of the constitution. In 1789 John Jay was appointed chief justice of the United States by President George Washington. While he was chief justice he traveled to Great Britain to attempt to negotiate settlements of the issues between the two nations. In 1794 George Washington made his last desperate attemt to avoid war when he decided to send John Jay to London. The Jeffersonians were not pleased with this decision. They feared that such a well-known federalist and Britain-lover would "sell out" his country. After his arrival in London, Jay further alarmed the Jeffersonians when at the presentation ceremony he kissed the queen's hand. An American Journal wrote about the so-called betrayal of John Jay to his country, "Hear the voice of truth, hear and believe! John Jay, ah! the arch traitorseize him, drown him, hang him, burn him, flay him alive! Men of America, he betrayed you with a kiss!" Upon his return to the United States, Jay resigned from his position as chief justice to serve as governor of New York and served two terms. In 1801 he refused further public office and retired to his Bedford, N.Y home, where he died on May 17, 1829. He was one of the last of the revolutionary patriarchs. Many of the procedures adopted by John Jay in his lifetime are still used in todays judicial body.

100 Easy Drawing Ideas to Spark Your Inspiration

100 Easy Drawing Ideas to Spark Your Inspiration SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whether you’re an experienced artist or a beginner, one thing’s for sure: drawing ideas are hard to come by. Though it might be tempting to wait for the inspiration to strike you, many people recommend spending some time drawing every day to build your skills! You don’t have to produce a masterpiece every day, but investing just a little time in honing your skills can make a big difference over time. But that raises the obvious question of what you’re going to draw. Rather than letting yourself get frozen with indecision, let this list of cool drawing ideas be your guide! You don't have to venture off the beaten path for inspiration... but you could! Where to Find Drawing Ideas Drawing ideas are everywhere. Unfortunately, it may often feel like you’ve exhausted every option around you. Maybe you get sick of drawing your favorite character over and over again, or there’s only so many ways to sketch your cat. You need inspiration! Where to Find Drawing Inspiration One of the most important things you’ll learn as an artist is the concept of a â€Å"creative well.† When you create things, it uses energy from that well. That’s why sometimes you might feel like you just don’t have any good ideas left- you’re working on an empty well! But an empty well is only temporary. Refill your creative coffer by seeking out art that makes you feel good and inspires you to create. You can watch artists livestream on Twitch or flip through social media like Instagram or Tumblr to see what others are creating. Browse art books by people that inspire you or go to a museum. Get really old school and do what artists of the past used to do- take a walk outside and see what the world has to offer. All these activities are ways to replenish your creative well. Once you’ve gotten some inspiration to draw from, you’re ready to get back to work! All those paint splotches are signs you're growing! What to Draw to Improve Your Skills Sometimes you run into an art block because you feel like your skills aren’t improving. This is often known as a learning plateau- when you start, your skills increase rapidly. As you continue practicing a skill, your work starts to look the same because you’re working on refinement. Later, you may spike upward again, only to hit another plateau. This is a natural part of learning, but the feeling of stagnation (even if it isn’t real!) can be discouraging. If you feel like you’ve hit a plateau, keep going! But also try spicing up your artwork with some new skills, such as: Life Drawing Life drawing challenges you to draw people from real-life models. You can take a class in real life or even online. There are also tools like Line of Action to give you the experience of a life drawing class, including short-term drawings to practice gestures and longer drawings to really hone your skills. Practice a Different Medium If your digital art skills feel stagnant, try spending a little time with old-school pen and paper. If pencils are getting you down, try watercolor. If watercolor’s no good, bust out the finger paints! Sometimes a new medium is just what you need to ignite your inspiration. You can always return to your favorite medium later, and spending a little time on something else can remind you of what you love about your favorite. Try a New Style If your art tends toward hyperrealistic, play around with a different style. Get cartoony or abstract. The same is true if you prefer a cartoony style- getting outside of your comfort zone can be a lot of fun! Fun Drawing Challenges Art block is common among artists, and people are always coming up with new ideas to combat it, such as drawing challenges. If you’re struggling to come up with ideas, try taking on one of these challenges! Inktober: Though it’s meant to be done during October, you can work on your inking skills any time of year! Lili’s Drawing Challenge Character Design Challenge Draw This in Your Style Challenge: Artists on Twitter and Tumblr often participate in a challenge to draw one another's’ images in their own style! Tons More from Doodle Addicts Sharpen your pencils and clean off your brushes! 100 Cool Drawing Ideas If you're still stuck for inspiration, good news! We've compiled a list of 100 different prompts to spark your imagination and get your creative mind working. Nature A fern Your favorite animal A succulent An animal that has gone extinct A mountain An animal that lives underground A strange cloud formation A body of water A natural rock formation Your favorite flower Ivy The animal you LEAST like drawing A pomegranate A celestial body A venomous animal I'm partial to raspberries, myself. Your favorite fruit Your state flower A poisonous plant An animal skull A mythological animal A carnivorous plant Something with fangs A crystal A mollusk Something furry People A person with a big nose Your favorite fictional character Someone you know in real life A person you’ve never met but wish you had A historical figure A criminal Arandomly generated character A bodybuilder A mythological figure A musician Three extremely adorable ghosts. A ghost Someone who has the job you’d like to have Someone you see at a coffee shop A silent film star Someone you find on Instagram A scientist A wizard Someone in historical fashion Someone wearing a complicated outfit A person wearing clothes you wish you owned A witch Someone with your ideal hair A person with a different body type than your own A person who lives under the sea A person who lives under the ground Scenes Your favorite coffee shop A place you wish you could go A place you made up Somewhere where magic might happen A scene from space A scene in the future A scene in the past Somewhere calming A scene with lots of trees Your kitchen Somewhere extremely unsafe A city street A farmer’s market A scene from a fictional setting Real places can be great inspiration. Somewhere with lots of neon lighting A fancy house A very normal house A path in the woods Somewhere you’ve dreamed about Your friend’s bedroom Your favorite restaurant A place you’ve visited as a tourist A garden A bookstore Your favorite aisle of the grocery store Objects Your favorite food Something you ate a lot as a child A dessert A ship What you use to draw Cute AND inspiring! A terrarium A magical staff A sword A laser gun An outrageous coffee cup A fantasy food A sci-fi device you made up A car A new book cover for your favorite book A made-up video game console A logo for a company you like A clock An unusual camera A bookshelf An empty bottle A full bottle A piece of armor A window with something outside Eggs of some kind Candles What’s Next? Now that you're inspired, turn your skills into a careerby checking out this list of art schools in California! Looking to turn your art into cash you can use for college? There are lots of art scholarships out there to help you do just that! Art scholarships aren't the only kind out there- there are lots of other kinds of scholarships for high school seniors!

Socratic Method Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socratic Method - Assignment Example Socrates’ argument holds true because individuals often choose to do things that other people say are wrong and they can also choose to do things that they know are wrong with the intention of benefiting themselves as humans are rational and will do anything to achieve their end or benefit from the situation. People’s personal intuition will lead them to doing things the way they do them so as to satisfy themselves and they choose to ignore what other people will think of it (Navia, 1999). An example is a stressed person who will turn to alcohol knowing that it cannot be a solution to their problems, but will gladly go into drinking as they think that this will do away with their stress. If people accepted that all evil is ignorance, this would have a profound impact on the justice system as people would make defenses on this basis which would be detrimental to justice. Prison and death sentencing would be affected in that proving someone guilty of a crime would be hard as they would state ignorance as their defense and meeting the expectations of justice would be a

Tort Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tort Law - Essay Example The basis of this case was the fact that Shama LLC made new modification to the original equipment without informing him. However, the original owner claimed that he owed no duty to the plaintiff’s employer. The California court of appeal ruled out that Becker Bros. steel and Shama LLC are separate entities. In addition, all components of the machine were the property of the current employer. Shama LLC was therefore required to compensate Garcia for the injuries caused by the machine. Tort issues generally occur in daily life although people lack initiatives to take legal actions. Consumer protection is a major issue that arises in our daily lives. Wrongful advertisements or advertisements that do not reveal the side effects of a product are example of tort cases that occur in our daily lives. Junk foods are known to have long term negative effects on consumers particularly children. Advertisements on the media fail to include their side effects or negativities. Most of such advertisement use happy and healthy people making consumers to lack consideration for any possible consequences of such products. Junk food manufacturing companies needs to be prosecuted for the resultant problems that affect children who become addicted to their